Mango: the national fruit of India
Mango is the most important fruit of India.
It is grown over an area of 1.23 million hectares in the country producing
10.99 million tonnes. India ranks first among world’s mango producing countries
accounting for 52.63 per cent of the world’s total mango production of 19
million tonnes. Mango accounts for 22.1 per cent of total area (5.57 million ha)
and 22.9 per cent of total production of fruits (47.94 million tonnes) in the
country. Though Uttar Pradesh has the
largest area of 0.27 million hectares under mango, Andhra Pradesh has the
highest productivity of 12 tonnes per hectare. While Andhra Pradesh produces
3.07 million tonnes of mango, U.P., Bihar and Karnataka produce 2.39, 1.79 and
0.92 million tonnes, respectively. India is also a prominent
exporter of fresh mangoes the country has exported over634 lakh tonne
of fresh mangoes worth of Rs. 209.74 crore during 2011-12.The major mango
importers from India are United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh, United Kingdom,
Saudi Arabia and Nepal.
VARIETIES
There are more than a thousand mango varieties in India. However,
only about 30 varieties are grown on commercial scale in different States.
Important mango varieties cultivated in different states of India are:
Characteristics
of some important Indian varieties are as follows:
1. Alphonso: This is the leading commercial variety of
Maharashtra state and one of the choicest varieties of the country. This
variety is known by different names in different regions, viz. Badami,
Gundu, Khader, Appas, Happus and Kagdi Happus.
The fruit of this variety is medium in size, ovate oblique in shape and orange
yellow in colour. The fruit quality is excellent and keeping quality is good.
It has been found good for canning purpose. It is a mid season variety
2. Bangalora : It is a commercial variety of
south India. The fruit size is medium to large, its shape is oblong with necked
base and colour is golden yellow. Fruit quality is poor. Keeping quality is
very good. It is widely used for processing. It is a mid season variety.
3. Banganpalli: It is a commercial variety of
Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and also known as Chapta, Safeda, Baneshan and Chaptai.
Fruit is large in size and obliquely oval in shape. The colour of the fruit is
golden yellow. Fruit quality and keeping quality are good. It is a mid season
variety and is good for canning.
4. Bombai : It is a commercial variety from
Bihar state. It is also known as Malda in West Bengal and Bihar.
Fruit size is medium, shape ovate-oblique and colour yellow. Fruit quality and
keeping quality are medium. It is an early season variety.
5. Bombay Green: It is commonly grown in
north India due to its early ripening habit. It is also called Malda in
Northern India. Fruit size is medium, shape ovate oblong and fruit
colour is spinach green. Fruit quality is good and keeping quality is medium.
It is a very early variety.
6. Dashehari: This variety derives its name from
the village Dashehari near Lucknow. It is a leading commercial
variety of north India and one of the best varieties of our country. The fruit
size is medium, shape is oblong to oblong oblique and fruit colour is yellow.
Fruit quality is excellent keeping quality is good. It is a mid season variety
and is mainly used for table purpose.
7. Fajri : This variety is commonly grown in
the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. Fruit is very large,
obliquely oval in shape. Fruit colour is light chrome. Fruit quality and
keeping quality are medium. This is a late season variety.
8. Fernnadin : This is one of the oldest
varieties of Bombay. Some people think that this variety originated in Goa. Fruit
size is medium to large, fruit shape is oval to obliquely oval and fruit colour
is yellow with a red blush on shoulders. Fruit quality and keeping quality are
medium. It is a late season variety mostly used for table purpose.
9. Himsagar : This variety is indigenous to
Bengal. This is one of the choicest varieties of Bengal and has gained
extensive popularity. Fruit is of medium size, ovate to ovate oblique. Fruit
colour is yellow. Both fruit and keeping quality are good. It is an early
variety.
10. Kesar : This is a leading variety of
Gujarat with a red blush on the shoulders. Fruit size is medium, shape oblong
and keeping quality is good. It is an early variety.
11. Kishen Bhog : This variety is
indigenous to Murshidabad in West Bengal. Fruit size is medium, fruit
shape is roundish oblique and fruit colour is yellow. Fruit quality and keeping
quality are good. It is a mid season variety.
12. Langra : This variety is indigenous to
Varanasi area of Uttar Pradesh. It is extensively grown in northern India.
Fruit is of medium size, ovate shape and lettuce green colour. Fruit quality is
good. Keeping quality is medium. It is a mid season variety.
13. Mankurad : This variety is of commercial
importance in Goa and in the neighbouringRatnagiri district of
Maharashtra. The variety develops black spots on the skin in rainy season.
Fruit is medium in size, ovate in shape and yellow in colour. Fruit quality is
very good. Keeping quality is poor. It is a mid season variety.
14. Mulgoa : This is a commercial variety of
southern India. It is quite popular among the lovers of mango owing to high
quality of its fruit. Fruit is large in size, roundish oblique in shape and
yellow in colour. Fruit quality is very good. Keeping quality is good. It is a
late season variety.
15. Neelum : This is a commercial variety
indigenous to Tamil Nadu. It is an ideal variety for transporting to distant
places owing to its high keeping quality. Fruit is medium in size, ovate
oblique in shape and saffron yellow in colour. Fruit quality is good and
keeping quality is very good. It is a late season variety.
16. Chausa : This variety originated as a
chance seedling in the orchard of a Talukadar ofSandila district Hardoi,
U.P. It is commonly grown in northern parts of India due to its characteristic
flavour and taste. Fruit is large in size, ovate to oval oblique in shape and
light yellow in colour. Fruit quality is good keeping quality is medium. it is
a late variety.
17. Suvarnarekha : This is a commercial
variety of Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. Other synonyms of this
variety are Sundari, Lal Sundari. Fruit is medium in size and
ovate oblong in shape. Colour of the fruit is light cadmium with a blush of
jasper red. Fruit quality is medium and keeping quality is good. It is an early
variety.
18. Vanraj : It is a highly prized variety
of Vadodra district of Gujarat and fetches good returns. Fruit is
medium in size, ovate oblong in shape and colour is deep chrome with a blush of
jasper red on the shoulders. Fruit quality and keeing quality
good. It is a mid season variety.
19. Zardalu : This variety is indigenous to Murshidabad in
West Bengal. Fruit size is medium, oblong to obliquely oblong and golden
yellow in colour. Fruit quality is very good. Keeping quality is medium. It is
a mid season variety.
1. Amarapali : This hybrid is from a cross of Dashehari x Neelum.
It is dwarf, regular bearing and late maturing variety. The variety is suitable
for high density planting as about 1600 plants may be planted in a hectare. It
yields on an average 16 tonnes / hectare.
2. Mallika : It is from a cross of Neelum x Dashehari.
Its fruit is large in size, oblong elliptical and in shape cadmium yellow in
colour. Fruit and keeping quality are good. It is a mid season variety.
3. Arka Aruna : It is a hybrid between Baganpalli and Alphonso.
It is dwarf regular bearing, precocious. Fruits are large having attractive
skin colour with red blush free from spongy tissue.
4. Arka Puneet : It is a
hybrid between Alphonso and Banganpalli. It regular and
prolific bearer. Fruits are medium sized having attractive skin colour
with red blush and free from spongy tissue. Excellent keeping quality.
5. Arka Anmol : This hybrid is from a cron of Alphonso and Janardhan Pasand.
It is regular bearer and good yielder. Fruits are medium sized having uniform
yellow peel colour, excellent keeping quality and free from spongy tissue.
6. Arka Neelkiran : It is a hybrid between Alphonso and Neelum.
It is , regular bearering late season variety with medium
sized fruits having attractive red blush free from spongy tissue.
7. Ratna : This hybrid is from a cross of Neelum x Alphonso.
Tree vigorous, precautions, fruits are medium sized, attractive in colour and
free from spongy tissue.
8. Sindhu : It is from a cross of Ratna x Alphonso. It
is regular bearer, fruits medium sized, free from spongy tissue with high pulp
to stone ratio and very thin and small stone.
9. Au Rumani : It is from a cross of Rumani x Mulgoa.
It is precocious, heavy and regular bearing with large fruits having yellow
cadmium skin colour.
10. Manjeera : This hybrid is from a cross of Rumani x Neelum.
It is dwarf, regular and prolific bearer with firm and fibre less flesh.
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