CIVIL ENGINEERING
PAPER-II
Part-A
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY, EQUIPMENT, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT :
1. Construction Technology: Engineering Materials: Physical properties of construction materials: Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement and Surkhi Mortars; Lime concrete and Cement concrete, Properties of freshly mixed and hardened concrete, flooring Tiles, use of ferro-cement, fibre-reinforced and polymer concrete, high strength concrete and light weight concrete. Timber: Properties and uses; defects in timber; seasoning and preservation of timber, Plastics, rubber and damp-proofing materials, termite proofing, Materials for Low cost housing.
Construction: Building components and their functions; Brick masonry: Bonds, jointing, Stone masonry, Design of Brick masonry walls as per I.S. codes, factors of safety, serviceability and strength requirements; plastering, pointing. Types of Floors & Roofs, Ventilators, Repairs in buildings. Functional planning of building: Building orientation, circulation, grouping of areas, privacy concept and design of energy efficient building; provisions of National Building Code. Building estimates and specifications; Cost of works; valuation.
2. Construction Equipment: Standard and special types of equipment, Preventive maintenance and repair, factors affecting the selection of equipment, economical life, time and motion study, capital and maintenance cost.
Concreting equipments: Weigh batcher, mixer, vibration, batching plant, Concrete pump.
Earth-work equipment: Power shovel hoe, bulldozer, dumper, trailors, and tractors, rollers, sheep foot roller.
3. Construction Planning and Management : Construction activity, schedules, job layout, bar charts, organization of contracting firms, project control and supervision. Cost reduction measures.
New-work analysis: CPM and PERT analysis, Float times, cashing of activities, contraction of network for cost optimization, up dating, cost analysis and resource allocation. Elements of Engineering Economics, methods of appraisal, present worth, annual cost, benefit-cost, incremental analysis. Economy of scale and size. Choosing between alternatives including levels of investments. Project profitability.
Part-B
SURVEY AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING:
Survey: Common methods of distance and angle measurements, plane table survey, levelling traverse survey, triangulation survey, corrections, and adjustments, contouring, topographical map. Surveying instruments for above purposes Techeometry. Circular and transition curves, Principles of photogrammetry.
Railways: Permanent way, sleepers, rail fastenings, ballast, points and crossings, design of turn outs, stations and yards, turn-tables, signals, and interlocking, levelcrossing. Construction and maintenance of permanent ways: Superelevlation, creep of rail, ruling gradient, track resistance, tractive effort, relaying of track.
Highway Engineering: Principles of highway planning, Highway alignments, Geometrical design: Cross section, camber, superelevation, horizontal and vertical curves. Classification of roads: low cost roads, flexible pavements, rigid pavements. Design of payments and their construction, evaluation of pavement failure and strengthening. Drainage of roads: Surface and subsurface drainage.
Traffic Engineering: Forecasting techniques, origin and destination survey, highway capacity, Channelised and unchannelised intersections, rotary design elements, markings, sign, signals, street lighting; Traffic surveys, Principle of highway financing.
Part-C
HYDROLOGY, WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING: Hydrology: Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, depression storage, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analysis, flood estimation, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing-Muskingam method.
Ground water flow: Specific yield, storage coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions, tube wells, pumping and recuperation tests, ground water potential.
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING: Ground and surface water resource, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation, economics of water resources projects.
IRRIGATION ENGINEERING: Water requirements of crops: consumptive use, quality of water for irrigation duty and delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies. Canals: Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bed load, local and suspended load transport, cost analysis of lined and unlied canals, drain-age behind lining. Water logging: causes and control, drainage system design, salinity. Canal structures: Design of cross regulators, head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canal outlets. Diversion head work: Principles and design of weirs of permeable and impermeable foundation, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation, stilling basin, sediment excluders. Storage Works: Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity and earth dams, stability analysis, foundation treatment, joints and galleries, control of seepage. Spillways: Spillway types, crest gates, energy dissipation. River training: Objectives of river training, methods of river training.
Part-D
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING:
Water Supply : Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources, predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water.
Intake of water: Pumping and gravity schemes. Water treatment: Princi-ples of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity.
Water storage and distribution: Storage and balancing reservoirs: types, location and capacity. Distribution system: layout, hydraulics of pipe lines, pipe fittings, valves including check and pressure reducing valves, meters, analysis of distribution systems, leak detection, maintenance of distribution systems, pumping stations and their operations.
Sewerage systems: Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage-separate and combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances, manholes, inlets, junctions, siphon, Plumbing in Public buildings.
Sewage characterisation: BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land.
Sewage treatment: Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tanks, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank; disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.
Solid waste : Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects.
Environmental pollution: Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal, Environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects, Air pollution, Pollution control acts.
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