IFS Exam 2012-Syllabus-Chemistry Paper 2

CHEMISTRY

PAPER-II

1. Delocalised covalent bonding: Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, kekulene, fulvenes, sydones.

2 (a) Reaction mechanisms: General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanism or organic reactions illustrated by examples-use of isotopes, cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy diagrams of simple organic reactionstransition states and intermediates; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.

(b) Reactive intermediates: Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carbonium and carbonium ions, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and niternes.

(c) Substitution reactions: SN1, SN2, SNi, SN1', SN2', SNi' and SRN1 mechanisms; neighbouring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compound including simple heterocyclic compounds-pyrrole, furan thiophene, indole.

(d) Elimination reactions: E1, E2 and E1cb mechanism; orientation in E2 reactions- Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination-acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope eliminations.

(e) Addition reactions: Electrophilic addition to C-C and C=C; nucleophilic addition to C=O, C-N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.

(f) Rearrangements: Pinacol-pinacolune, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.

3. Pericyclic reactions: Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann ruleselectrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.

4. Chemistry and mechanism of reactions: Aldol condensation (including directed aldol condensation), Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.

5. Polymeric Systems:

(a) Physical Chemistry of polymers: Polymer solutions and their thermodynamic properties; number and weight average molecular weights of polymers, Determination of molecular weights by sedimentation, light scattering, osmotic pressure, viscosity and group analysis methods.

(b) Preparation and properties of polymers: Organic polymers-polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber. Inorganic polymers-phosphonitrilic  halides, borazines, silicones and silicates.

(c) Biopolymers: Basic bonding in proteins, DNA and RNA.

6. Synthetic uses of reagents: OsO4, HIO4, Cro3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na- Liquid NH3, LiA1H4 NaBH4 n-BuLi, MCPBA.

7. Photochemist: Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.

8. Principles of spectroscopy and applications in structure elucidation :

a) Rotational spectra- Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.

b) Vibrational spectra- Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of functional groups in polyatomic molecules.

c) Electronic spectra- Singlet and triplet states. N->p* and p->p* transitions; application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls-Woodward- Fieser rules;

d) Nuclear magnetic resonance:  Isochronous and anisochronous protons; chemical shift and coupling constant; Application of H1 NMR to simple organic molecules.

e) Mass spectra: Parent peak, base peak, daughter peak, matastable peak, fragmentation of simple organic molecules; a cleavage, Mc-Latterly rearrangement.

f) Electron spin resonance: Inorganic complexes and free radicals.