Indira Awaas Yojana – Fulfilling the Need for Rural Housing
Shelter is a
basic need of a citizen which is critical for determining the quality of human
life. A roof over the head endows a shelterless person,
with an essential asset and improves his physical and mental well being. Hence,
fulfilling the need for rural housing and tackling housing shortage
particularly for the poorest is an important task to be undertaken as part of
the poverty alleviation efforts of the Government. The Indira AwaasYojana (IAY) is a flagship scheme of the
Ministry of Rural Development. Under the scheme, financial assistance is
provided to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) households in the rural areas for construction of dwelling units. It has been in operation since 1985-86.
The funding of
IAY is shared between the Centre and States in the ratio of 75:25. In the case
of Union Territories , entire funds of IAY are
provided by the Centre. In case of North East States, the funding ratio between
the Centre and States is 90:10. The ceiling on construction assistance under
IAY is Rs. 45,000 per unit in the plain areas and Rs. 48,500 in hilly/difficult
areas/IAP districts. For upgradation of kutcha house, the financial assistance is Rs.
15,000 per unit. In addition to the unit assistance availed, a beneficiary can
also borrow a top-up loan upto Rs.
20,000/- from any nationalized Bank at 4% interest per annum under Differential
Rate of Interest (DRI) Scheme.
The criteria
for allocation of IAY funds to the States and UTs involve assigning 75% weightage to housing shortage and 25% to poverty
ratio. The allocation amongst districts is based on 75% weightage to housing shortage and 25% weightage to SC/ST component. Further, 60% of
the IAY allocation is meant for benefiting SC/ST families, 3% for physically
handicapped and 15% for minorities. Also the IAY houses are expected to be
invariably allotted in the name of women. In addition, 5% of the central
allocation can be utilized for meeting exigencies arising out of natural
calamities and other emergent situations like riot, arson, fire, rehabilitation
etc.
In order to
introduce transparency in selection of beneficiaries, permanent IAY waitlists
have to be prepared gram panchayat wise
by the States/UTs. These lists contain the name of deserving BPL families who
need IAY houses in order of their poverty status based on the BPL list 2002.
Gram Sabha select the beneficiaries from the list
of eligible BPL households/Permanent IAY waitlist wherever it has been
prepared.
Construction
of an IAY house is the sole responsibility of the beneficiary. Engagement of
contractors is prohibited and no specific type, design has been stipulated for
an IAY house. However, sanitary latrine andsmokless chullah are required to be constructed alongwith each IAY house. For construction of a
sanitary latrine, the beneficiary can avail of financial assistance as
admissible under the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).
Bharat Nirman Programme
Rural
Housing is one of the six components of Bharat
Nirman Programme. Under Bharat NirmanProgramme Phase-I, 60 lakh houses were envisaged to be
constructed through Indira Awaas Yojana all
over the country during the four years i.e. from 2005-06 to 2008-2009. Against
this target, 71.76 lakh houses
were constructed with an expenditure of Rs. 21720.39 crore. The
target for the next five years period starting from the year 2009-10, has been
doubled to 120 lakh houses.
During the last
three years of the Bharat Nirman Programme Period-Phase-II
approximate 85 lakhhouses have already been constructed. Since inception
of the IAY scheme about 286.88 lakh houses
have been constructed with an expenditure of Rs. 85141.13 crore.
Convergence of
Various Centrally Sponsored Schemes with IAY
Under
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) each IAY beneficiary can get a
free electricity connection to his house, under Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
an IAY beneficiary who will construct a sanitary latrine can get TSC funds in
addition to the unit assistance he has got under IAY, all willing IAY beneficiaries
can get the benefits available under Janshree Bima and Aam Aadmi Bima policies, under DRI, an IAY
beneficiary can borrow up to Rs. 20,000/- from any Nationalized Bank at 4%
interest per annum to top up the unit assistance he has got under IAY.
Allotment of Homestead Plot
A scheme was
launched on 24th August,
2009 as part of IAY, for providing homestead sites to those rural BPL
households whose names are included in the permanent IAY waitlists but who have
neither agricultural land nor a house site. Since inception of the scheme,
funds amounting to Rs. 347.46 crore have
been released to States namely Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,
Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra for purchase of land and Rs.
1367.31 crore have been released to Karnataka,
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tripura, Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, West Bengal, Rajastan, Maharashtra and Jharkand as
incentive for additional houses for providing homestead sites.
Monitoring Mechanism
The Indira Awaas Yojana is being continuously reviewed through
Monthly and Annual Reports received from the States/UTs. Senior officers at the
level of Deputy Secretaries and above in the Ministry are appointed as Area
Officers for different States/UTs. These Area Officers visit the allotted
States/UTs from time to time and inspect the actual implementation of the programme in the field. They also participate in
the State Level Coordination Committee Meetings providing thereby, a source of
effective link between the policy makers, i.e., the Government and the
implementing agencies (States /UT Governments). The programme is also reviewed at the meeting with
the State Secretaries of Rural Development and with the Project Directors of
DRDAs in the workshops held every year. From April 2007 onwards, an online
monitoring mechanism has been put in place to enable DRDAs to upload their
monthly progress reports into the website of the Ministry.
The
web-based local language MIS Programme ‘AWAASsoft’ was launched, this software captures
beneficiary-wise data and is accessible to all the stake holders, beneficiaries
and citizens at large.
During the
last year 2011-12, Rs. 9991.20 crore (including
Rs. 500.00 crore for Homestead Component) were
allocated for Rural Housing for construction of 27.27 lakh houses under Indira AwaasYojana,
against the physical target of construction of 27.27 lakh houses, 24.66 lakh houses were constructed after
utilization of Rs. 12814.88 crore and
26.95 lakh houses were under construction.
In the
current financial year 2012-13, the total budgetary outlay for Rural Housing is
Rs. 11075.00crore. Out of which Rs. 10513.20 crore has been earmarked under Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) for construction of 30.09 lakh houses and Rs. 553.00 crore for Homestead Component. Rs. 4783.70 crore has already been released as first
installment of funds. Against the physical target, 3.83 lakh houses have been constructed so far.
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