5.19) Routine Emissions:
This has been covered at 5.18) above.
5.20) Worker’s safety and well‐being:
This has been covered at 5.18) above.
5.21) People’s safety and well‐being:
This has been covered at 5.18) above.
5.22) Health Survey and baseline data
This has been covered at 5.18) above.
5.23) Radiation illness
The limits of radiation exposure from the nuclear power plants, for the public and occupational workers in India
5.24) Population:
The 2001 census population figures for the area around KKNPP are as follows:
Distance | Population |
0‐2 km | 0 |
2‐5 km | 23960 |
5‐16 km | 94733 |
5.25) Oceanography
1.0 Flood design of KKNPP and Important plant levels and locations
1.1 Design Basis Flood Level
The safe grade elevation of KKNPP site has been kept at 7.5 Mtr above MSL and a shore protection bund is constructed all along the shore to a height of + 8.0 Mtr to MSL.
The detail of arriving at the safe grade elevation, considering either tsunami or storm surge is listed in the table below.
Sl No | Rise Water level Due to ( m ) | ||||
Wave Run up | Max. Tide | Storm Surge | Tsunami | Total (w.r.t CD) | |
1 | 2.0 | 1.42 | 2.46 | ‐‐‐ | 5.88 |
2 | 2.0 | 1.42 | ‐‐‐ | 2.50 | 5.92 |
Therefore the maximum water level = 5.92 – 0.481 = 5.439m with respect to MSL. | |||||
Keeping a further safety margin of 2.0m, the safe grade elevation is kept as 7.44m (say 7.5m ) w.r.t MSL | |||||
1.2 KKNPP Building
In addition to the safe grade elevation, sufficient margins are available in each building. Elevations and locations of important safety buildings are given in the table below.
Description | Elevations in meters above MSL | Margin available meters |
Pump house grade elevation | +7.65 m | 2.21 |
+8.7 m | 3.26 | |
Safety DG building (sealed building) | +9.3 m | 3.86 |
Diesel tanks in DG building | +13.8 m | 8.36 |
Battery Banks (sealed building) | +16.5 m | 11.06 |
Passive Heat Removal System Heat exchangers | + 52.2m | 46.76 |
Main control Room | +26.0 | 20.56 |
In addition, having a higher grade elevation, all the safety related buildings are closed
with double gasket leak tight doors.
1.3 Shore stability
No potential of shore instability exists at Kudankulam site area, as protruding rock outcrops are present all along the coast protecting the shore from erosion. Also, nohistorical shore erosion has been recorded in the area.
2.0 Tsunami warning systems available:
Tsunami Event Identification: Possible Tsunami occurrence can be known as alerts form the following agencies:
· KKNPP is registered with INCOIS, Hyderabad
· Madras Atomic Power station, Kalpakkam has established PC based Earthquake Notification System (ENS) which gives alarm in the control room in case of an earthquake. ENS is an application which scans USGS (US Geological survey) and EMSC (European Mediterranean Seismic Centre) sites. Immediate alert will be given to KKNPP control room from Kalpakkam in case of any alarm.
5.26) FISHERIES, SEAFOOD SECURITY AND COOLANT WATER DISPOSAL & THERMAL ECOLOGY.
Base line data collection
The baseline data of the marine environment of KKNPP has been well established through the studies undertaken by
a. Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
b. Institute of Ocean Management, Anna University
c. Engineers India Limited/ CMFRI
Special feature in intake: Fish Protection system
Kudankulam project uses sea water for condenser cooling for which water is drawn from intake dykes. . To save the fishes from coming into the fore bay / pump house area and getting trapped, KKNPP houses a unique “fish protection system” where in all the fishes which are coming into the intake will be separated by means of a unique air curtain and “Oogee weirs” and are safely returned back into the sea. This is an unique facility to protect the marine organisms.
Effect of Condenser cooling water in the marine life
The approximate quantity of coolant water, when the plant is in operation released in sea will be 70,00,000 CuM per day per unit with a maximum delta T of 7 degree Celsius.
The seasonal variation in surface water temperature of Kudankulam Marine Environment ranged from 23°C during monsoon and winter season to 29°C during summer season, with an annual average of 26.6°C.
The studies on the lethal affects of temperature on selected fishes and prawns of Kudankulam Marine Environment showed that the lethal temperature of fin & shell fishes was found to be between 38.2 and 43.2° C. Considering maximum possible surface sea water temperature of Kudankulam areas as 29°C, during summer months and the rising the temperature as stipulated by MoEF as 7°C, the maximum temperature at discharge point will be 36°C, which may not harm any fish even in the vicinity of discharge point. But during monsoon and winter season the ambient surface water temperature will be considerably low ( 23°C) and hence no effect will be envisaged in the discharge area.In fact the mixing will be very fast due to wave action and other water currents. Due to the wave action the mixing of warm water from condenser with ambient sea water will be instantaneous and a possible reduction of ambient sea water temperature will be expected. Considering the fact it is obvious that there may not be any harm to the fishery potential of Kudankulam Marine Environment due to the establishment of KKNPP. It is again supported by the fact that fish, being a cold blooded animal, it can adjust the body temperature with that of environment within the sub lethal temperature and a rise in body temperature will enhance all biological activities, including growth and production. In addition, the fish and prawns will have the capacity to sense the change in temperature in ambient water and try to avoid and move away from the adverse condition, if any., from the point of discharge The operation of Nuclear Power Plant in the country at the coastal locations at TAPS, Tarapur in Maharashtra and MAPS at Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu has also not shown any adverse effects on Marine life including the fish.
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