UPSC Exam-Civil Services Exam 2013 CSAT Original Paper- Part 3
Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
Read the following passage and answer the two items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based
on the passage only.
Passage
Crude mineral oil comes out of the earth as a thick brown or black
liquid with a strong smell. It is a complex mixture of many different
substances, each with its own individual qualities. Most of them are
combinations of hydrogen and carbon in varying proportions. Such hydrocarbons
are also found in other forms such as bitumen, asphalt and natural gas. Mineral
oil originates from the carcasses of tiny animals and from plants that lives in
the sea. Over millions of years, these dead creatures form large deposits under
the sea-bed; and ocean currents cover them with a blanket of sand and silt. As
this mineral hardens, it becomes sedimentary rock and effectively shuts out the
oxygen, so preventing the complete decomposition of the marine deposits
underneath. The layers of sedimentary rock become thicker and heavier. Their
pressure produces into crude oil in a process that is still going on today.
41. Mineral
oil deposits under the sea do not get completely decomposed because they
a) are constantly washed by the ocean currents.
b) become rock and prevent
oxygen from entering them.
c) Contain a mixture of
hydrogen and carbon.
d) are carcasses of
organisms lying in saline conditions.
Answer: b
42. Sedimentary
rock leads to the formation of oil deposits because
a) there are no saline conditions below it.
b) it allows some
dissolved oxygen to enter the dead organic matter below it.
c) Weight of overlying
sediment layers causes the production of heat.
d) it contains the
substances that catalyze the chemical reactions required to change dead
organisms into oil.
Answer: c
43. In a
class of 45 students, a boy is ranked 20th. When two boys joined,
his rank was dropped by one. What is his new rank from the end?
a) 25th
b) 26th
c) 27th
d) 28th
Answer: c
44. A thief
running at 8 km/hr is chased by a policeman whose speed is 10 km/hr. If the
thief is 100 m ahead of the policeman, then the time required for the policeman
to catch the thief will be
a) 2 min
b) 3 min
c) 4 min
d) 6 min
Answer: b
45. A train
travels at a certain average speed for a distance of 63 km and then travels a
distance of 72 km at an average speed of 6 km/hr more than its original speed.
If it takes 3 hours to complete the total journey, what is the original speed
of the train in km/hr?
a) 24
b) 33
c) 42
d) 66
Answer: c
Directions for the following 7 (seven)
items:
Read the following two passages and answer the items that
follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the
passages only.
Passage – 1
The law in
many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural
slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice
returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This
dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred in a
more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into
fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and
slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again
by the vegetation.
The excess
input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus – based, from agricultural
runoff (and human sewage) has caused many ‘healthy’ oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant
productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient
inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by
bloom-forming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large
plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important
ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild- caught
fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.
The process
of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only
recently did scientists notice huge ‘dead zones’ in the oceans near river
outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The
nutrient-enriched water flows through steams, rivers and lakes, and eventually
to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing
virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in
extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen
as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen
from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic
dead zones are typically associated with industrialized nations and usually lie
off countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase
productivity and use more fertilizer.
46. According
to the passage, why should the discharge of agricultural slurry into
watercourses be restricted?
1. Losing nutrients in this way is not a good practice economically.
2. Watercourses do not contain
the microorganisms that can decompose organic components of agricultural
slurry.
3. The discharge may lead
to the eutrophication of water bodies.
Select the correct answer
using the code given below.
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: c
47. The
passage refers to the conversion of “pollutant to fertilizer”. What is
pollutant and what is fertilizer in this context?
a) Decomposed organic component of slurry is pollutant and
microorganisms in soil constitute fertilizer.
b) Discharged agricultural
slurry is pollutant and decomposed slurry in soil is fertilizer.
c) Sprayed slurry is
pollutant and watercourse is fertilizer.
d) None of the above
expressions is correct in this context.
Answer: b
48. According
to the passage, what are the effects of indiscriminate use of fertilizers?
1. Addition of pollutants to the soil and water.
2. Destruction of
decomposer microorganisms in soil.
3. Nutrient enrichment of
water bodies.
4. Creation of algal
blooms.
Select the correct answer
from the codes given below:
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: b
49. What is/are the characteristics of a water body with cultural
eutrophication?
1. Loss of ecosystem services
2. Loss of flora and fauna
3. Loss of mineral
nutrients
Select the correct answer
using the code given below:
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: b
50. What is the central theme of this passage?
a) Appropriate legislation is
essential to protect the environment.
b) Modern agriculture is
responsible for the destruction of environment.
c) Improper waste disposal
from agriculture can destroy the aquatic ecosystems.
d) Use of chemical
fertilizers is undesirable in agriculture.
Answer: c
Passage – 2
The miseries of
the world cannot be cured by physical help only. Until man’s nature changes,
his physical needs will always arise, and miseries will always be felt, and no
amount of physical help will remove them completely. The only solution of the
problem is to make mankind pure. Ignorance is the mother of evil and of all the
misery we see. Let men have light, let them be pure and spiritually strong and
educated; then alone will misery cease in the world. We may convert every house
in the counts into a charitable asylum, we may fill the land with hospitals, but
human misery will continue until man’s character changes.
51. According
to the passages which of the following statements is most likely to be true as
the reason for man’s miseries?
a) The poor economic and social conditions prevailing in society.
b) The refusal on the part
of man to change his society.
c) The absence of physical
and material help from his society.
d) Ever increasing
physical needs due to changing social structure.
Answer: b
52. With
reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. The author gives primary importance to physical and material help in
eradicating human misery.
2. Charitable homes,
hospitals, etc. can remove human misery to a great extent.
Which of the assumptions
is/are valid?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: d
53. Consider the following figures 1, 2, 3 and 4:
In the figures
from 1 to 4 above, two symbols are shown to change their position in a regular
direction. Following the same sequence, which one of the following will appear
at the fifth stage?
Answer: D
Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
In each item, there are two sets of figures;
first four figures named Problem figures and next four figures named Answer
figures indicated as (a), (b), (c) and (d). The problem figures follow a
particular sequence. In accordance with the same, which one of the four answer
figures should appear as the fifth figure?
54. Problem figures:
Answer Figures:
Answer: C
55. Problem figures:
Answer
Figures:
Answer: b
56. Consider the following diagrams:
x men, working
at constant speed, do a certain job in y days. Which one of these diagrams
shows the relation between x and y?
a) diagram I
b) diagram II
c) diagram III
d) diagram IV
Answer: D
57. Consider the following matrix:
|
3
|
370
|
7
|
|
2
|
224
|
6
|
|
1
|
730
|
X
|
What is the number at ‘X’ in the above matrix?
a) 5
b) 8
c) 9
d) 11
Answer: c
58. Four
cars are hired at the rate of Rs. 6 per km plus the cost of diesel at Rs. 40 a
litre. In this context, consider the details given in the following table:
|
Which car maintained the maximum average speed?
a) Car A
b) Car B
c) Car C
d) Car D
Answer: A
59. Examine
the following three figures in which the numbers follow a specific patter:
84 81 88
14 12 18 9 ? 11
The missing number (?) in the third figure above is
a) 7
b) 16
c) 21
d) 28
Answer: B
60. A cube
has six number marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on its faces. Three views of the cube
are shown below:
What
possible numbers can exist on the two faces marked (A) and (B), respectively on
the cube?
a) 2 and 3
b) 6 and 1
c) 1 and 4
d) 3 and 1
Answer: A
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