Sunday 12 April 2015

UPSC Exam- Civil Services Main Exam 2014 Results declared

Civil Services Main Exam 2014- Written results declared

On the basis of the Result of the Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2014 held by the Union Public Service Commission from 14th to 20th December, 2014, the candidates with the following Roll Numbers have qualified for the Personality Test for selection to the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Police Service and other Central Services (Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B’).

2. The Personality Test for these candidates is likely to commence from 27th April, 2015. Personality Tests will be held in the Office of the Union Public Service Commission at Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi-110069. Detailed program for the Personality Test will be uploaded on the Commission’s website http://www.upsc.gov.in. The First batch of e-Summon letter will be made available on the Commission’s website http://www.upsc.gov.in latest by 18.04.2015. The Second and Third batches of the e-Summon Letters would be uploaded subsequently. The Qualified candidates who are unable to download their e-Summon Letters from the Commission’s Website at least 5 days before the commencement of the said Personality Test/Interview should immediately contact the Office of the Commission through on Phone Nos. 011- 23385271, 011-23381125, 011-23098543 or Fax No. 011-23387310, 011-23384472. No paper Summon Letters will be issued for the Personality Test/Interview by the Commission.

3. The Candidature of these candidates is provisional subject to their being found eligible in all respects. The candidates will be required to produce the original Certificates in support of their claims pertaining to Age, Educational Qualifications, Community, Physical Handicap and other documents such as Questionnaire, Attestation Form and TA Form, etc. at the time of their Personality Test. The formats of SC/ST/OBC and PH Certificates and Questionnaire, Attestation Form and TA Form, etc. can be downloaded from the Website of the Commission. They are, therefore, advised to keep the said documents ready with them.

4. No request for change in the date and time of the Personality Test, intimated to the candidates, will be entertained.

5. The candidates are advised to notify changes in their address, if any, to the Commission immediately through Fax or letters forthwith.

6. The marks sheets of candidates who have not qualified, will be put on the Commission’s Website within 15 days from the date of publication of the final result (after conducting Personality Test) and will remain available on the Website for a period of 60 days.

7. In pursuance of the decision of the Govt. to amend Rule 2 of CSE Rules, 2014, all the candidates who have qualified in the written part of Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2014 shall mandatorily indicate revised preferences of Services participating in the said Examination for which he/she is interested to be allocated to and such Revised Order of Preferences shall be in supersession of the earlier order of preferences filled by the candidate in his Detailed Application Form. The candidates will be required to fill up the Revised Services Preferences and submit the same online as per the details/ guidelines which will be available on Commission’s Website shortly.

8. The result of one candidate Roll No.542075 has been kept withheld subject to the outcome of the Court Case.

 Roll Numbers:

CIVIL SERVICES (MAIN) EXAMINATION 2014

000002 000019 000022 000023 000027 000062 000076 000084 000140 000156 000162 000186 000211 000239 000339 000357 000359 000418 000431 000447 000461 000501 000553 000586 000593 000655 000666 000668 000757 000806 000811 000820 000821 000826 000835 000861 000865 000871 000899 000905 000945 000964 000965 000978 001004 001041 001045 001047 001048 001098 001118 001146 001186 001270 001291 001297 001301 001304 001323 001334 001338 001376 001415 001432 001450 001454 001455 001460 001462 001514 001605 001670 001719 001722 001737 001761 001839 001840 001854 001870 001890 001914 001923 001929 001935 001951 001952 001959 001969 002006 002028 002095 002103 002120 002144 002147 002194 002268 002297 002361 002421 002444 002462 002525 002580 002590 002616 002625 002632 002646 002660 002721 002748 002755 002763 002807 002812 002819 002890 002893 002896 002918 002925 002927 002928 002930 002931 002937 002946 002953 002972 002974 002987 003055 003065 003223 003241 003305 003313 003344 003362 003385 003386 003387 003402 003429 003450 003503 003566 003579 003593 003594 003596 003620 003703 003719 003771 003780 003785 003798 003809 003844 003864 003893 003907 003908 003954 004027 004123 004128 004167 004208 004263 004280 004343 004351 004366 004381 004384 004398 004402 004427 004503 004505 004573 004576 004601 004661 004693 004698 004712 004800 004817 004874 004886 004916 004959 004969 004974 005004 005020 005032 005052 005109 005124 005128 005161 005171 005178 005234 005284 005295 005296 005302 005361 005373 005381 005385 005441 005470 005507 005529 005545 005549 005559 005602 005609 005629 005630 005641 005663 005675 005677 005692 005696 005720 005724 005726 005732 005739 005761 005788 005795 005806 005937 005953 005989 005995 006008 006064 006074 006092 006116 006121 006135 006187 006247 006254 006304 006323 006368 006424 006427 006451 006454 006568 006586 006637 006658 006667 006672 006700 006771 006809 006884 006898 006901 006916 006950 006956 006969 006982 007014 007057 007064 007139 007162 007164 007173 007183 007188 007203 007216 007242 007247 007248 007259 007319 007371 007403 007423 007522 007554 007566 007577 007645 007661 007673 007702 007726 007762 007819 007838 007920 008013 008065 008232 008421 008676 008727 008750 008800 008831 008916 009063 009073 009095 009137 009261 009318 009364 009375 009393 009395 009402 009424 009492 009569 009585 009600 009671 009710 009750 009813 009904 009914 009948 009949 009951 009963 009964 010096 010120 010133 010189 010231 010241 010256 010265 010285 010296 010313 010340 010355 010359 010422 010520 010604 011020 011069 011131 011196 011273 011315 011435 011530 011600 011606 011658 011754 011861 012063 012080 012187 012230 012317 012497 012521 012785 012786 012801 012919 013013 013084 013131 013209 013341 013454 013982 014105 014179 014407 014605 014946 014953 014982 015033 015099 015116 015148 015174 015224 015457 015466 015503 015632 015634 015650 015767 015866 015871 016035 016238 016240 016347 016418 016530 016548 016670 016749 016771 016951 017013 017092 017371 017422 017548 017756 017797 017891 018490 018586 018590 018968 019143 019219 019262 019347 019370 019570 019885 019998 020468 020728 020835 020958 021063 021277 021286 021312 021330 021341 021472 021501 021600 021626 021654 021664 021714 021727 021806 021891 021952 021963 022023 022255 022373 022406 022471 022582 022669 022742 022759 022815 022833 022925

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088452 089262 089476 090019 090024 090296 090864 090899 090934 091011 091130 091194 091451 091539 091582 091618 091670 091830 091862 092154 092443 092579 093065 093072 093222 093302 093475 094140 094374 094493 094506 094557 094629 094863 095535 095810 095878 095932 096131 096742 096959 097341 097813 097862 098226 098328 098378 098430 098535 098950 099484 099604 100483 100537 101385 101848 101891 102086 102326 102653 102822 102836 102903 103488 103672 104129 104238 104251 104437 105252 105356 105390 105400 105603 105742 105896 106258 106551 106898 107061 107644 107858 107958 109150 109590 109648 109914 110010 110049 110204 110281 110557 110619 110864 110985 111061 111600 111664 111749 111994 112172 112329 112395 112542 112757 112758 112876 112934 113007 113014 113180 113251 113252 113693 114213 114299 114350 114508 114601 114659 114847 114908 115085 115101 115220 115513 115674 115686 116070 116142 116167 116226 116510 116540 116749 116987 117776 117963 118093 118305 118373 118802 118928 119066 119571 119801 119969 120386 120420 120425 120646 120922 121000 121047 121557 121702 121753 121805 121836 122117 122806 122865 123148 123285 123450 123503 123753 123867 124401 124595 124690 125049 125330 126402 126497 126665 126927 126995 127071 127199 127323 127374 127387 127494 127521 128336 128526 128704 128707 128804 128850 129201 129349 129436 130635 130896 131342 131673 131892 132182 132393 133159 133621 133864 134059 134417 134632 135141 135355 136165 136301 136434 136441 136596 137008 137103 137353 137428 137744 137839 137878 137943 138100 138894 139084 139183 139213 139409 139531 139722 139778 139803 139914 139996 140161 140181 140327 140792 141096 141156 141183 141189 141591 141677 141823 142041 142411 142503 143477 143975 144031 144106 144559 144689 144805 144916 145140 145463 145512 145743 145755 145876 146112 146562 146613 146672 146753 146804 147082 147860 149121 149401 149709 149829 150534 150536 150792 150848 150872 151493 151517 151647 151698 151738 152426 152541 152602 152801 152919 152987 153613 153726 153859 154343 154728 155320 155388 155615 155814 155878 156423 156464 156686 157074 157451 157556 157634 157871 158344 159324 160504 161150 162440 162510 163599 164344 165093 165320 165720 165742 165770 166442 166570 166624 166775 167140 167210 167832 167851 167876 167934 168173 168354 168820 168843 169004 169373 169390 169486 169522 169919 170159 170400 170416 170491 170536 170949 171075 171420 171461 171683 171774 171796 171805 171918 172896 173350 173721 173845 174020 174042 174303 174510 174841 174908 174985 175111 175502 175620 176071 176083 176660 176723 177271 177738 177955 178149 178608 179047 179191 179368 179819 180900 181320 181637 182870 183813 184085 184401 184652 185068 185082 185095 185216 185599 186526 187590 188048 188111 188238 188665 188726 188795 188868 188878 189140 189444 189727 189757 190071 190629 190658 190830 190851 191663 191844 192099 192630 192652 193542 193728 193852 194338 194455 194458 195282 196091 196100 196103 196337 196379 196436 196871 196898 197417 197765 197852 198552 198636 199019 201188 201766 202769 203619 203819 203907 204093 205338 205744 206117 206853 206881 207322 207685 208264 209036 209243 209355 209443 211140 213107 213396 213726 213842 215115 215330 215598 215873 216117 216636 217997 218025 218048 218162 218211 218547 219067 219150 219488 219657 219789 220690 221149 221675 221732 222046

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519374 519455 519580 519756 519805 519966 520089 520210 520313 520349 520604 520707 520967 521420 522926 523259 524817 526328 526494 526635 526739 527781 527799 528122 528264 528371 528454 528548 528812 528842 528984 529276 529677 529919 530199 530518 530773 530781 530804 530908 531255 531401 531529 531579 532203 532364 532584 533217 533437 533565 533671 534155 534406 534706 534808 534952 536122 536186 536250 536442 536743 536931 537204 537685 537690 537821 537843 537951 537999 538047 538066 538144 538615 538639 538687 538784 539013 539024 539195 539445 539463 539494 539959 539989 540072 540444 541309 541437 541545 541946 541967 542025 542133 542233 542517 542555 542701 542750 542790 543021 543134 543338 543742 543786 543934 543936 543955 543967 544003 544065 544335 544390 544677 544943 544974 544976 544998 545055 545258 545641 545799 545800 545801 545985 546099 546253 546521 546694 546787 546885 546895 547118 547188 547408 547856 548003 548035 548328 548720 548814 548967 549461 549930 550033 550738 550870 550954 551086 551331 551844 552001 552079 552129 552278 552631 553050 553061 553518 554093 554909 554921 555750 556196 556341 556587 556648 556782 557070 557791 557815 558245 558737 559232 560260 560349 560893 561027 561135 561567 561873 561974 561988 562663 563147 563350 563514 564327 564387 564554 564786 564842 565138 565362 565439 565915 566297 566750 566947 567333 567593 568083 568170 568435 568688 568913 568984 569024 569090 569774 569779 569811 570287 570288 571049 571096 571162 571682 572008 572210 572444 572516 573561 574087 574131 574408 574423 575355 575408 575930 576430 576921 577213 577244 577397 578352 578601 579111 579680 580072 580601 580714 581426 581761 582086 582112 582461 582649 582951 582963 582986 583107 583180 583359 583775 584121 584384 584693 584849 584892 585282 585299 585419 585439 585627 585794 585994 588263 589163 589447 589674 589902 590436 591727 591780 591840 592081 592190 592382 592614 592667 593129 593319 593334 593522 593625 593955 594190 594347 594718 594958 595103 595106 595578 595581 595934 596016 596115 596194 596201 596208 596564 597011 597113 597566 597797 598633 598903 598973 599010 599362 600383 600587 600683 600724 600750 600974 601015 601042 601427 601978 602471 602495 602570 602650 602922 603167 603898 604172 604317 604386 605040 605234 605261 605288 605800 606097 606342 606650 606921 607042 607150 608270 608628 609112 609265 610213 610389 610672 610825 611322 611759 611823 612116 612764 612917 613235 613319 613552 613558 613820 613821 614862 614900 615061 615633 615938 616452 616476 616585 616718 616847 616966 617120 617179 617714 617765 617939 618168 619005 619236 619347 619409 619431 619587 619693 620054 620808 620946 620989 621293 621301 621443 621805 622715 622775 623436 623444 623488 623900 624275 624683 625367 625371 625621 625944 626893 627323 627597 627785 628364 629730 630135 630159 630843 630893 631014 631136 631623 632868 633217 633403 633423 633738 634344 634639 635389 635549 635576 635823 636018 636981 637217 637249 637314 637574 637634 638278 639135 639690 640654 641423 641528 641815 641896 641904 642538 643137 643252 643789 643975 644192 645238 645262 645519 645524 645750 646048 646199 646460 647082 647590 647800 648072 648085 648224 648258 648567 648761 648874 649135 649352 649782 650091 650206 650283 650526 651056 651070 651121 651137 651211 651297 651329 651760 652119 652234

653050 653675 654101 654104 654130 654142 654328 654347 654392 654634 654722 655065 655097 655142 655156 655215 655387 655609 655957 656021 657384 657775 658368 658705 659155 659693 659862 659993 661014 661491 662355 662878 662880 663640 664414 664716 665689 665828 665893 666234 666416 666826 667595 667624 667867 668070 668574 669186 669485 669735 669814 669849 669863 672182 672711 673118 673474 673780 677166 677336 678748 679760 679933 680179 680484 680834 680910 680959 680972 681068 681163 681652 681684 681869 682195 682301 682513 682542 682641 682800 683515 683538 685070 685360 685581 685905 686125 686207 686218 687487 687608 687668 688073 688585 689176 689444 690422 691467 691557 691671 691979 692112 692491 692719 693451 693688 694084 694264 694281 694957 695167 695537 697253 697365 698079 698426 698567 698918 699049 699321 702468 702601 703500 703841 704384 704635 704954 705536 705881 705895 705909 706531 706706 707480 707511 707650 707677 707807 708460 708802 709086 709122 709567 710635 711130 711503 712084 712527 712548 712743 712863 714437 715049 715487 715686 715718 716091 716534 716744 716905 717187 717489 717621 718067 718738 718745 719329 719783 720836 722622 723289 723883 724707 724996 726133 726210 727363 727430 729011 729234 729326 729684 730054 730400 730445 730664 731016 731276 733082 735497 736946 740846 741229 741603 742482 742620 743335 744505 745136 747210 749592 750573 751740 751852 752062 752687 752809 752951 753747 753750 754945 755189 755190 755628 755639 757838 758157 758317 758510 759386 759492 759639 759677 759863 759990 760452 761931 761979 762195 763079 763222 763415 763476 763934 764049 764487 764534 764876 765138 765289 765575 766100 766167 767067 768496 768921 769851 770034 772288 772883 774503 777558 777710 778705 779136 781365 782200 782377 783596 785258 788985 791465 792893 794157 797418 800231 801732 802941 802981 803215 803879 804250 804568 804634 804751 805052 806047 806124 806799 806893 807966 810617 810770 811353 812943 814128 814899 815538 815877 815886 816447 816477 817175 817628 817784 819826 824043 824248 826819 829079 829789 830045 832818 837083 838208 841192 841898 842791 842962 843504 844558 844573 845061 845722 848676 848912 849785 850693 850864 852403 852551 853748 855888 855983 856492 856666 856780 857281 857312 858129 858386 860015 861927 864065 865169 868425 869335 872597 872813 874781 875909 876857 878397 879435 880017 882894 883508 883863 885213 885509 886129 886631 887153 887430 887614 888202 888465 889121 889291 892010 892226 892309 893147 894753 896264 897933 898471 898561 898725 900367 906690 906985 908284 910341 910908 928778 934020 934262 934343 939941 940214 944814 946685 948618 950925 955804 958768 959015 962387 962630 966535 990001
CONCLUDED

Source: UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION 

Quotable Quote-Message of the Day

"A Ship Is Always SAFE At Land. But Its Not Made For That. So Always Take Some Meaningful Risk To Make Life Meaningful". 

Saturday 11 April 2015

Quotable Quote-Message of the Day

"Heart is good fertile ground; Anything planted there, LOVE, HATE, FEAR, Will surely grow&bear fruits. It's for us to decide what to plant & grow"

Thursday 9 April 2015

Free Essays for Competitive Exams- Self Attestation-A leap towards hassle-free procedures

A leap towards hassle-free procedures
(Self-Attestation)

Whenever one has to appear for a job interview, apply for a passport or open a bank account, getting the documents attested by a gazetted officer or any authorised signing authority has always been a big hassle. However, these cumbersome preconditions like attestations and affidavits are undergoing a landmark reform. In a constant endeavour of the Government to simplify procedures of attestation and certification, all Central Ministries/Departments as well as State Government/UTs have been requested to review the existing requirement in this regard and make provision for self-certification, wherever possible.                                                            

Background

            Self-attestation is an essential method to affirm that the copies of documents presented as proofs of one’s identity and whereabouts are true and original. In a country which still functions on paperwork, a lot of documents have to be submitted along with every form we fill. The last dates for the forms approach so soon and half of the times we are worrying about where to find a gazetted officer who will attest the copies of our original documents. We end up calling friends, relatives to find one person who would attest our documents so that the form gets submitted in time.

            Recently Government of India has asked all its departments and state governments to make provisions for self-certification and accept documents which are self-attested as a confirmation of identity in place of attestation by a gazetted officer. This practice has already been adopted by some of the Central Government agencies and is being introduced in various states gradually. University Grants Commission has also issued special instructions through D.O.No.F. 14-1412014(CPP-ll) dated 26th September, 2014 regarding abolition of affidavits and adoption of self-certification. This move comes as a big relief not only to the students but also to all the individuals associated with the academics.

            Self-attestation would save time and money as people will not have to chase officers for attestation of documents. It has been seen that some of these officers charge for these services making it a part-time business. In most of the cases one hardly knows the gazetted officer and getting documents attested by a stranger seems pointless. If the government’s idea behind attestation is an assurance of the person’s identity and character then a document attested by a stranger is useless. The government’s initiative of switching over to self-attestation is a welcome move as it also gives us the opportunity to take responsibility and ownership of our own actions.

No legal hassle in going for this positive change

            Self-certification might seem risky as not all self-attested documents will be true but this puts the blame directly on the person who is attesting false documents. He/she will be solely responsible for any false documents attested by them.

            The advantages of self-attestation are that the public agencies can impose penal liability for making wrong statements in terms of suspension of the services (suspension of ration card facilities, disconnection of power supply, etc.). This will save a lot of botheration and sizeable expenses for the citizen who has to procure stamps/stamp paper which is mostly not available at the place where the affidavit is to be submitted. 

            There appears to be no legal problem in adopting this practice. The Indian Penal Code contains a number of Sections such as 177, 193, 197, 198, 199 and 200. These Sections specifically deal with the implications of any false information/evidence/disclosure/ declaration made by the deponents and, any such instances included shall be liable to imposition of penalties, fines, registration of criminal cases and even imprisonment, as the case may be. 

DigiLocker: Another Giant leap

            The Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DeitY) has recently launched an Aadhaar-based e-locker service for storing documents. Users will be able to store electronic versions of important documents like birth certificates, voters ID cards, academic documents, etc in the e-locker. They can also electronically sign these documents with the e-sign facility, which is currently still being tested, and then share them with government organisations or other entities when required. The sharing of e-documents will be done through a registered repository, which will ensure that the documents are authentic. This is likely to reduce usage of fake documents to a certain extent and also minimize time spent on authenticating documents. To Sign-up for the DigiLocker you need to have an Aadhaar number and a mobile number registered with Aadhaar.

Following are the key features of the DigiLocker:
         i.            Digital Locker of each resident is linked to their Aadhaar number.
        ii.       10MB of free space in the locker to securely store resident documents and store links (URI) of Govt. department or agency issued e-documents. The storage space allocation will be increased to 1GB in subsequent release.
      iii.         eSign online service to digitally sign the documents online without using dongle. For details please refer to the e-Sign brochure available on the portal
     iv.    Sharing of e-documents online with any registered requester agency or department 
       v.            Download eAadhaar
     vi.            List of issuers who have issued e-documents to residents and list of requesters which have accessed resident’s documents.
More information on the futuristic service can be found on: https://digitallocker.gov.in/

            It is extremely important for all of us to create awareness among the citizens about the concept of self-attestation which is purely in favour of the commoners. This whole concept revolves around trust and responsibility. Self-certification is a citizen-friendly initiative by the government of India that marks a departure from the cumbersome system established since decades.



Free Essays for Competitive Exams-Long Term Strategy to Increase Production and Productivity in Agriculture Sector

Long Term Strategy to Increase Production and Productivity in Agriculture Sector

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) formulated long term strategies to increase production, productivity and quality of food crops through development of high yielding stress tolerant varieties suited to different agro-climatic conditions of the country. A total of 371 high yielding varieties/ hybrids of different food crops developed by the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) during the last five years (2009-10 to 2013-14).
   
The various crop production technologies are being promoted under Crop Development Programmes like National Food Security Mission (NFSM), Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) for increasing production, productivity and quality of food crops.

As has been informed in a written reply in Rajya Sabha on 20th March 2015 by Minister of State for Agriculture, Shri Mohanbhai Kundaria, various issues like Need to revisit the standard of milk in terms of its fat & solid not fat (SNF) content, revision of the existing practices/protocols with modern interventions, enhancing the shelf life of milk and milk products, low cost processing and packaging technologies for small scale fish producers were discussed in the twelfth Agriculture Science Congress held at the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal. The detailed recommendations are under compilation and will be for forwarded to implementing agencies of Government.

The ICAR initiated a network project on “National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture” (NICRA) in 2011 aiming at enhancing climate resilience of Indian Agriculture through strategic research, technology demonstrations, capacity building and sponsored/competitive grant projects. The research on adaptation and mitigation covers crops, livestock, fisheries and natural resource management.

Government of India is also implementing National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) from 2014-15. The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture aims at making Agriculture more productive, sustainable, remunerative and climate resilient by promoting location specific integrated/composite farming system; soil and moisture conservation measures; comprehensive soil health management; effective water management practices and mainstreaming rain fed technologies.



Free Essays for Competitive Exams-Right to Legal Aid; A Constitutional Commitment

Right to Legal Aid; A Constitutional Commitment

As political philosopher; Charles de Montesquieu said that; "In the state of nature...all men are born equal, but they cannot continue in this equality. Society makes them lose it, and they recover it only by the protection of the law." The protection of law to poor, illiterate and weak is important to ensure equal justice. Legal aid is one of the means to ensure that the opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any person by reason of poverty, illiteracy, etc.
                Legal aid is free legal assistance to the poor and weaker sections of the society with the object to enable them to exercise the rights given to them by law. Justice P.N.Bhagwati has rightly said that "the poor and the illiterate should be able to approach the Courts and their ignorance and poverty should not be an impediment in the way of their obtaining Justice from the Courts." 
                The Constitution of India gives much emphasis on the constitutionalism and rule of law. In India the rule of law is regarded as a part of the basic structure of the Constitution and also of natural justice. The rule of natural justice says that individuals should not penalized by decisions affecting their rights or legitimate expectations unless they have been given prior notice of the cases against them, a fair opportunity to answer them, and the opportunity to present their own cases.
                The preamble of the Constitution secures to its citizen, social, economic and political justice.  Article 14 of the Constitution makes it clear that the State shall not deny to any person equality before law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. The aim of Article 14 is to ensure equal justice. The guarantee of equal justice is meaningless if the poor or illiterate or weak persons cannot enforce their rights because of their poverty or illiteracy or weakness. 
                       Articles 38 and 39, of the Constitution of India lay down clear mandate in this regard.  According to Article 38 (1) the State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic or political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
                        Article 39-A directs the State to ensure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on a basis of equal opportunity and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.
                     Right to free legal aid or free legal service is an essential fundamental right guaranteed by the Constitution. It forms the basis of reasonable, fair and just liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, which says, “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”.
                       In State of Maharashtra v. Manubhai Pragaji Vashi, The Supreme Court has made it quite clear that it is now well established that the failure to provide free legal aid to an accused at the cost of the State unless refused by the accused, would vitiate the trial. In M.H Hoskot v. State Of Maharashtra, Justice KrishnaIyer observed that providing free legal aid is the State's duty and not Government's charity.               
             The Code of criminal Procedure and the Code of Civil Procedure also contain provisions in relation to the free legal aid. Section 304 of the Criminal Procedure Code provides that where in a trial before the Court of Session, the accused is not represented by a pleader and where it appears to the Court that the accused has not sufficient means to engage a pleader; the Court shall assign a pleader for his defence at the expense of the State. Section 304 makes it clear that the State is under an obligation to provide legal assistance to a person charged with offence triable before the Court of Session.  It enables the State Government to direct that these provisions shall apply in relation to any class of trials before other courts in the State.
                   Order 33 of the Civil Procedure Code provides in respect of the suit by indigent person.  On the application to sue as indigent person is being granted the plaintiff shall not be liable to pay court fee and in case he is not represented by a pleader, the Court may, if the circumstances of the case so requires, assign a pleader to him.  This benefit has now been extended to the dependant also.
                 A separate legislation, The Legal Services Authority Act, 1987 has been enacted to constitute the Legal Service Authorities to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities and to organise Lok Adalats to secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice. The Legal Services Authorities Act establishes statutory legal services authorities at the National, State and District level.  It makes provisions in relation to Lok Adalat.  The main object of the Lok Adalat is to provide quick justice at less expense. 
                 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights also under Article14 (3)(d) guarantees to everyone: “Right to be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it”
                   In a democracy, where rule of law is supreme; it is essential to ensure that even the weakest amongst the weak, poorest among the poor, in the country does not suffer injustice arising out of any abrasive action on the part of State or private person. As a way forward there is need to ensure capacity building for legal aid movement. This requires strengthening the skills of stakeholders of legal aid; law teachers, lawyers, law students, volunteers such as aaganwadi workers, Members of local panchayat etc to act as intermediates between rural people and legal service institutions. In state of Maharashtra v. Manubhai Pragaji Pragaji vashi, the Supreme Court has highlighted the necessity for capacity building and held that in order to provide the "free legal aid" it is necessary to have well-trained lawyers in the country. This is only possible if there are adequate number of law colleges with necessary infrastructure, good teachers and staff.
             The major drawback of legal aid movement in India is the lack of legal awareness. People are not aware of rights and protection available under the law. It needs to be realized that the promotion of awareness regarding legal aid is not the exclusive duty of the Legal fraternity. It is equally the concern and responsibility of the society at large. Constitutional commitment for legal aid can only be cherished if society comes forward to care for its vulnerable population.


Free Essays for Competitive Exams-Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana- A New Direction towards Empowerment of Youth (PMKVY)

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana- A New Direction towards Empowerment of Youth (PMKVY)

    Skill and knowledge are the two driving forces of economic growth and social development for any country. Countries with higher level of skills fare better to cope with the challenges of emerging economies in the present day world.

            In any country, youth is primarily the focus for any program for skill development. Our country is better placed in this regard. We have a vast majority of population in the productive age group. This provides a great opportunity to India. It also poses a great challenge. Benefits will flow to our economy only if our population, particularly the youth, is healthy, educated and properly skilled.

            India with its an unrivalled youth demographic, is definitely poised for a big boost in terms of socio-economic development.  We have 605 million people below the age of 25. They can act as agents of change, by being empowered with various employable skills which will enable them to make impact not only on their lives but also on the lives of other individuals.

The recently approved Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), is a flagship scheme for imparting skill training to youth, focussing on improved curricula, better pedagogy and  trained instructors. The training includes soft skills, personal grooming, behavioural change et al.

           The scheme is being implemented by the newly created Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship through the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). It will cover 24 lakh youths. The Skill training would be based on the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) and industry led standards. Under the scheme, a monetary reward is given to trainees on assessment and certification by third party assessment bodies. The average monetary reward is around Rs.8,000 per trainee.

       The skill training will be on the basis of demand assessed by the recently conducted skill gap studies by the NSDC for the period 2013-17. The central and state governments, industry and business houses will be consulted for assessment of further demands. For this, a demand aggregator platform is also being launched. The target for skill development will also take into account the  demands from various other flagship programs launched in recent times such as Make in India, Digital India, National Solar Mission and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

            The PMKVY, will primarily focus on the first time entrants to the labour market and target mainly drop outs from Class 10 and Class 12. The scheme will be implemented through NSDC training partners. At present, NSDC has 187 training partners in around 2,300 centres. In addition, central and state government affiliated training providers are also to be roped in for imparting training under the scheme. All training providers will have to undergo a due diligence process, for being eligible under the scheme. Sector Skill Councils and the state governments are also to monitor skill training program under PMKVY.

            Under the scheme, a Skill Development Management System (SDMS), will be put in place to verify and record details of all training centres, quality of training and courses. Biometric system and video recording of the training process will also be ensured wherever possible. Trainees will also be required to give feedback which will be the key element for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the PMKVY scheme. A robust grievance redressal system will also be made operational to address grievances. Further, an online citizen portal will be put in place to disseminate information about the program.

            Out of the total outlay of Rs.1120 crore, on skill training of 14 lakh youth, special emphasis is being given to recognition of prior learning. An amount of Rs.220 crore is being provided for this purpose. Rs.67 crore has been earmarked for awareness generation and youth mobilisation. Mobilisation of youth is to be done through Skill Melas at the local level with the help of State Governments, mmunicipal bodies, panchayat raj institutions and community based organisations. Another Rs.67 crore has been provided, under the scheme on mentorship support and placement facilitation. An allocation of Rs.150 crores has been made for training of the youth from the North-East region.

            Skill and entrepreneurship development is one of the high priority areas of the present Government. The newly formed Ministry of Skill and Entrepreneurship Development, is to play a critical role in fulfilling the objectives of the Make in India campaign, a major initiative to turn India into a major manufacturing hub. The Ministry is to play a pivotal role in creating a skilled workforce to meet the demands of growing economy in different sectors including the manufacturing sector.

            A new National Policy for Skill and Entrepreneurship Development has also emerged to cover the entire gamut of initiatives in this direction. The Policy is to lay a roadmap for boosting growth creating quality  manpower. It has set a target for skilling 500 million persons by the year 2022.

            The efforts in this direction, is being carried on a mission mode. The National Skill Development Mission, an umbrella body, has three institutions under it. The National Council on Skill Development-under the chairmanship of Prime Minister, is to give policy direction and review skill development efforts. The National Skill Development Coordination Board, under the chairmanship of Vice Chairman NITI Aayog is to enumerate strategies to implement the decisions of PMs council. The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), a non-profit company, is to meet the skill training requirements of the labour market including the unorganized sector.                                                                                                                                   
            India has marked its presence as one of the fastest growing economies of the world. It is expected to rank amongst the worlds top three growth economies and amongst the top three manufacturing destinations by 2020. With the help of favourable demographic factors and sustained availability of quality workforce, our country is poised to make its imprint on global economy.

            The newly announced scheme, PMKVY, with its thrust on skill development to build human capital for future markets is sure to reap benefits for our economy. The new Policy and a Mission mode approach to deliver results will usher in a new era in the development of human resources and industry.