Medical Council of India- XI standard Chemistry Syllabus for Common Entrance Exam

Medical Council of India

CHEMISTRY- CONTENTS OF CLASS XI SYLLABUS

UNIT I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Details:-

• General Introduction: Important and scope of chemistry.

• Historical approach to particular nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules.

• Atomic and molecular masses.  Mole concept and molar mass; percentage of composition and empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.

UNIT II: Structure of Atom

Details:-

• Discovery of electron, proton and neutron; atomic number, isotopes and isobars.  Thompson’s of model and its limitations, Rutherford’s model and its limitations,  Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of  matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle,  concept of orbital, quantum numbers, shapes of s,p and d orbitals, rules for filling  electronics in orbitals- Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principles and Hund’s  rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely  filled orbitals.

UNIT III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Details:-

•  Significance of classification, belief history of the development of periodic table,

modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in  properties of elements- atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, ionization  enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electro negativity, valence.  Nomenclature of

elements with atomic number greater than 100.

UNIT: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Details:-

•  Valence electrons, ironic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure,  polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of  hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea  only).  Hydrogen bond.

UNITV: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

Details:-

•  Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and  boiling points, role of gas laws of elucidating the concept of the molecule,  Boyle’s Charle’s law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, idea behaviour,  empirical derivation of gas equation. Avogadro number, ideal gas equation.   Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), deviation from ideal  behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature.

•  Liquid State- Vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea

only, no mathematical derivations).

UNITVI : Thermodynamics

Details:-

•  Concepts of system, types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive  and intensive properties, state functions.

•  First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and

specific heat, measurement of     U and      H, Hess’s law of constant heat  summation, enthalpy of : bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization,

sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution.  

•  Introduction of entropy as state function, Second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs  energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria for

equilibrium.

•  Third law of thermodynamics- Brief introduction.

UNIT VII: Equilibrium

Details:-

•  Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium,  law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium-Le  Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium-ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and  bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic  acids, acid strength, concept of pH., Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea)., buffer

solutions, Henderson equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with  illustrative examples).

UNIT VIII: Redox Reactions

Details:-

•  Concept of oxidation and oxidation and reduction, redox reactions oxidation  number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron and  change in oxidation numbers, applications of redox reactions.

UNIT IX: Hydrogen

Details:-

•  Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation,  properties and uses of hydrogen; hydrides-ionic, covalent and interstitial; physical

and chemical properties of water, heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation,  reactions, use and structure; hydrogen as a fuel.

UNIT X: s-Block Element (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals)

Details:-

•  Group I and group 2 elements:

•  General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of  properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemical  reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens; uses.

•  Preparation and Properties of Some important Compounds:

•  Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium  hydrogencarbonate, biological importance of sodium and potassium.

•  CaO, CaCO3, and industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of  Mg and Ca.

UNIT XI: Some p-Block Elements

Details:-

•  General Introduction to p-Block Elements.

•  Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,  variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous  properties of first element of the group; Boron-physical and chemical properties,  some important compounds: borax, boric acids, boron hydrides.  Aluminium:  uses, reactions with acids and alkalies.

•  General 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,  variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous  behaviour of first element.  Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties: uses of some important compounds: oxides.

•  Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: silicon tetrachloride, silicones,

silicates and zeolites, their uses.

UNIT XII: Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Details:-

•  General introduction, methods of purification qualitative and quantitative  analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.

• Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation.

•  Hemolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radials, carbocations,

carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

UNIT XIII: Hydrocarbons

Details:-

•  Classification of Hydrocarbons.

•  Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:

•  Alkanes- Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical  properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation,  combustion and pyrolysis.  •  Alkanes-Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism,  physical properties, methods of preparation: chemical reactions: addition of  hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and  peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.

• Alkynes-Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties,  methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acids character of alkynes, addition  reaction of- hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.

•  Aromatic hydrocarbons- Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene; resonance,  aromaticity; chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution-  Nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation;  directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene;  carcinogenicity and toxicity.

UNIT XIV: Environmental Chemistry

Details:-

•  Environmental pollution: Air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in  atmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain ozone and its  reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global  warming-pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry as an alternative tool

for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution.

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