Farm Management
Nature and
characteristics of farm management
1. Practical science: Physical and biological sciences deals with facts
whereas farm management deals with the practical application of the facts for
the profitability of farm
2. Profitability oriented: farm management is profitability and practicability
oriented whereas other sciences aim at maximizing the production without giving
any consideration to the cost of inputs. Therefore, other sciences deal with
physical efficiency whereas the farm management deals with economic efficiency.
3. Integrating science: farm management takes care of all the ideal
parameters for a viable business thereby it integrates all the sciences in an
useful manner.
Broader science:
A farm manager should be jack of many trades and master of one.
4. Micro-approach: farm management assumes that no two farms are exactly identical with
respect to soil, other production resources, farmer’s managerial ability etc.
Each farm unit has to be therefore studied or planned individually.
5. Farm unit as a whole: farm management considers all possible aspects and
enterprises as a single unit. It aims not a high productivity of a particular
enterprise but overall productivity of a farm.
Scope
of Farm Management
Farm management deals with the farm business, which
have bearing on the economic efficiency of farm. Thus the types of enterprises
to be combined. The kind of crops and varieties to be grown, the dosage of
fertilizer to be applied, the implementation to be used etc. all fall in the
purview of farm management. The subject of farm management includes
a). Farm Management
research: To find solutions to
economic problem faced by farmers, continuous recording of data is important to
analyze and find the problems and to find remedies.
b). Farm management
techniques: Due to modernization,
there are lot of alternatives available, which makes more complex for decision
making. Therefore, teaching is important to understand the problems of farmers.
c). Farm Management
Extension: To provide the results of
research finding, training illiterate farmers are important which can be
achieved through extension.
These three helps to improve the ability of farmers to
introduce desirable changes in utilization of scarce resources at a farm with a
view to increase income and improve standard of living of farmers.
Importance of Farm
Management
Due to mechanization, commercialization and
modernization agriculture has shifted from subsistence to market oriented
production.
- Farm management can
increase the return from fixed resources in a farm through suitable
adjustment, as it deals with decision making for utilization of fixed and
limited farm resources
- Advances in
technology gives equal results in both small and large farms. Effective
use of new technology leads to increase in producer surpls.
- Progressive
industrial development has increased the choice of alternatives in
relation to type and use of fertilizer, insecticides, implements and
agricultural machineries etc. This enhance the application of farm
managent so as to take decision skillfully to adopt these inputs in order
to rationalize the resource use under new set of alternatives.
- Level of awareness of
farmers increases with increased education facilities and extension
programme. Farmers learn more quickly if they are convinced on cost return
analysis of such suggested management action. Therefore, farm management
is an effective educational tool for the poor farmers.
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