Sunday, 9 December 2012

Agriculture notes prepared by IAS Topper for all agriculture based competitive exams-Agricutural Economics-Price Fluctuation


Price Fluctuation

“The upward and downward movement in price of a commodity or group of commodities is termed as price fluctuation”. The dynamic factor here is time.
The reasons behind the price fluctuations may be summarized as
Short time fluctuations
  • Arrival and offtake of commodities in the market
  • Strike or law and order problem
  • Rumours in the market
  • Announcement of government policy
Intra year fluctuations
  • Seasonal nature of production and demand
  • Perishable nature of product
  • Hoarding and speculations
  • Government policy on procurement
  • Input supplies and its prices
Inter year fluctuations
  • Natural calamity
  • Change in export and import policy
  • Change in weather conditions remarkably
Long term fluctuations
  • Change in technology
  • Money supply
  • Change in export and import, credit, infrastructure and tax structure

Effect of Price fluctuations

General problems
  • Imbalance in demand and supply of commodities
  • Poor allocation of productive resources
  • Poor consumer satisfaction
  • Difficulty in economic planning and policy
  • Less incentives to the farmers
Specific problems
  • Reduction in the farmers income
  • Reduction of farm production
  • Agricultural allied sectors affected due to irregular supply of products
  • Lending institutions troubled due to improper return of the loans
  • Reduction in the employment opportunities

Price control measures
Non-Price measures
  • Building sufficient buffer stock
  • Procurement and public distribution when there is imbalance in the demand and supply in the market
  • Increase in the agricultural production and stabilization to maintain constant supply
  • Regulation of imports and exports
  • Provision of better infrastructure and improvement in the efficiency of marketing

Price control measures

  • Fixing up of maximum/ceiling price for each agricultural commodities
  • Fixing up of minimum price
  • Fixation of administered price
It has to be noted that selective application of these measures at the appropriate time based on demand and supply in the market is essential for a better regulation of the price.

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