GEOLOGY
Paper-II
Section-A
(i) Mineralogy
Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry.
International system of crystallographic notation. Use of projection diagrams
to represent crystal symmetry. Crystal defects. Elements of X-ray
crystallography. Petrological microscope and accessories. Optical properties of
common rock forming minerals. Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction,
birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals. Physical and chemical
characters of rock forming slilicate mineral groups. Structural classification
of silicates. Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Minerals of the
carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups.
(ii) Igneous ad Metamorphic Petrology
Generation and crystallisation of magma. Crystallisation of
albite-anorthite, iopsideanorthite and diopside-wollastonite-silica systems.
Reaction principle., Magmatic differentation and assimilation. Petrogenetic
significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and
petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups,
charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic
province.
Types and agents of metamporphism. Metamporphic grdes and zones.
Phase rule. Facies of regional and contact metamorphism. ACF and AKF diagrams.
Textures and structures of metamporphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous,
argillaceous and basic rocks. Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism.
Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.
(iii) Sedimentology
Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation. diagenesis and
lithification. Properties of sediments. Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their
classification, petrography and depositional environment. Sedimentary facies
and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals
and their significance. Sedminetary basins of India.
Section-B
(iv) Economic Geology
Ore, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore
deposits. Process of formation of minerals deposits. Controls of ore localisation.
Ore textures and structures. Metallogenic epochs and provinces. Geology of the
important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead
zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals.
Deposits of coal and petroleum in India. National Mineral Policy. Conservation
and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.
(v) Mining Geology
Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and
geobotanical. Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves or ore. Methods of
exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals and marine mineral
resources. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.
(vi) Geochemistry and Environmental Geology
Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and
meteorites. Structure and compostion of earth and distribution of elements.
Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds,
coordination number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics.
Natural hazards-floods, landslides, coastal erosion, earthquakes
and volcanic activity and mitigation. Environmental impact of urbanization,
open cast mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of
fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface
water, marine pollution Environment protection legislative measures in India.
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