Agriculture
Paper-II
Cell Theory, cell structure, cell organelles and their function,
cell division, nucleic significance in plant breeding. Chromosome structure,
chromosomal aberrations, acids-structure and function, gene structure and
function. Laws of heredity, their linkage and cross-over, and their
significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploid and an euploids.
Mutation-micro and macro-and their role in crop improvement. Variation,
components of variation. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility,
classification and their application in crop improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance,
sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters.
History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and
crossing techniques. Origin and evolution of crop plants, centre of origin, law
of homologous series, crop genetic resources-conservation and utilization. Application
of principles of plant breeding to the improvement of major field crops.
Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining
ability, its significance in plant breeding. Hybrid vigour and its
exploitation, backcross method of breeding, breeding for disease and pest
resistance, role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization.
Role ofbiotechnology in
plant breeding. Improved varieties, hybrids, composites of various crop plants.
Seed technology, its importance. Different kinds of seeds and their seed
production and processing techniques. Role of public and private sectors in
seed production, processing and marketing in India. Physiology and its
significance in agriculture. Imbibition, surface tension, diffusion and osmosis.
Absorption and translocation of water, transpiration and water economy. Enzymes
and plant pigments; photosynthesis-modern concepts and factors affecting the process,
aerobic and nonaerobic respiration; C, C and CAM mechanisms.Carbohydrate,
protein and fat metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and
vernalization. Auxins, hormones, and other plant regulators and their mechanism
of action and importance in agriculture. Physiology of seed development and
germination; dormancy. Climatic requirements and cultivation of major fruits,
plants, vegetable crops and flower plants; the package of practices and their
scientific basis. Handling and marketing problems of fruit and vegetables.
Principal methods of preservation of important fruits and vegetable products,
processing techniques and equipment.
Role of fruits and
vegetables in human nutrition. Raising of ornamental plants, and design and layout
of lawns and gardens. Diseases and pests of field vegetables, orchard and
plantation crops of India. Causes and classification of plant pests and
diseases. Principles of control of plant pests and diseases Biological control of pests and
diseases. Integrated pest and disease management. Epidemiology and forecasting.
Pesticides, their formulations and modes of action. Compatibility with
rhizobial inoculants. Microbial toxins. Storage pests and diseases of cereals
and pulses, and their control.
Food production and consumption trends in India. National and
international food policies. Production, procurement, distribution and
processing constraints. Relation of food production to national dietary
pattern, major deficiencies of calorie and protein.
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