Sunday, 31 March 2013

Agriculture notes prepared by IAS Topper for all agriculture based competitive exams-Physiology-Growth Regulators


Growth regulators

Bioassay for different growth regulators

 Auxin:
  • Split pea test
  • Avena coleoptile test
  • Rice root inhibition test

 Gibberellin

  • Barely endosperm test (production of reducing sugars)
  • Elongation of dwarf seedlings

 Cytokinin

  • Chlorophyll retention test
  • Root inhibition test

 Abscisic Acid (ABA)

  • Inhibition of alpha amylase enzyme
  • Rice seedling growth inhibition test

 Ethylene

  • Triple pea test (special thickening, horizontal nutation, rate of reduction of elongation)
  • Pea stem swelling test

 Senescence
“The process of deterioration that accompany aging and that lead to death of an organ or organism are called as senescence”. Meristematic regions do not senesce but non-meristematic regions senesce
Ex. Decidous plants drop old leaves every year

Reason:
Senescence occurs due to loss of chlorophyll, RNA and proteins including many enzymes. This is brought out by two ways,
  • Slower synthesis of vital plant components due to diversion or deficiency of nutrients
  • Breakdown of vital components by hormone induced process or by any means

 Role of hormone in Senescence

  • ABA and Ethylene induce senescence
  • Cytokinin, givverellic acid and auxin prevent senescence.
Therefore the change in the status of these hormones affects the onset of senescence.

 Advantages of senescence

  • Fruit: dispersal of seeds
  • Flower: prevents diversion of excess nutrients to flower, avoid shadding and new infection sources.
  • Leaves: reduce transpiring surface and more nutrients are diverted to fruits and other vital parts of the plant

  • me mother cell

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