ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE
PAPER
– I
1.
Animal Nutrition:
1.1
Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry.
Carbon – nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for
expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy
requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat
production.
1.2 Latest
advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein interrelationships. Evaluation of
protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements
for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat production.
1.3
Major and trace minerals – Their sources, physiological functions and
deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fat-soluble
and water – soluble vitamins in the body, their sources and deficiency
symptoms.
1.4
Feed additives – methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics,
hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors,
buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like hormones and antibiotics –
latest concepts.
1.5
Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances
in feed technology and feed processing. Anti – nutritional and toxic factors
present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility
trials – direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in
grazing animals.
1.6
Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations.
Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for
feeding milch animals during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of
feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production.
Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.
1.7
Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher
rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.
1.8
Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements
for meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of
layers and broilers.
2.
Animal Physiology:
2.1
Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine
glands in health and disease.
2.2
Blood constituents - Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin
synthesis and chemistryplasma proteins production, classification and
properties, coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disordersanticoagulants- blood
groups-Blood volume-Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests
and their significance in disease diagnosis.
2.3
Circulation - Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat,
electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart
function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of
heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and
hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of
circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier-
Cerebrospinal fluid- circulation in birds.
2.4
Respiration - Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases –
neural control of respirationchemo- receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
2.5
Excretion-Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of
studying renal function-renal regulation of acidbase balance: physiological
constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion- Urinary
secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for
urinary dysfunction.
2.6
Endocrine glands - Functional disorders their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis
of hormones, mechanism and control of secretion- hormonal
receptors-classification and function.
2.7
Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth
curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body
composition, meat quality.
2.8
Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion- Current status of
hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection, Male
and Female reproductive organs, their components and functions. Digestive
organs and their functions.
2.9
Environmental Physiology- Physiological relations and their regulation;
mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms
involved in animal behaviour, climatology – various parameters and their
importance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health
and production.
3.
Animal Reproduction:
Semen
quality- Preservation and Artificial Insemination- Components of semen,
composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated
semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen
production and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm
concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows,
sheep, goats, swine and poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination
for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.
4.
Livestock Production and Management :
4.1
Commercial Dairy Farming- Comparison of dairy farming in India
4.2
Commercial meat, egg and wool production-Development of practical and economic
rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder,
feeding regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production
and management. Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept.
4.3
Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural
calamities.
5.
Genetics and Animal Breeding:
History
of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis: Mendelian inheritance; deviations to
Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex
determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Blood groups and
polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance. Gene and its
structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis;
Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for
detecting mutations and mutation rate. Trans-genesis.
5.1 Population
Genetics applied to Animal Breeding- Quantitative Vs. qualitative traits; Hardy
Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces
changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path
coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems
of inbreeding, Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of
breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation;
Genotype X environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; role
of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.
5.2
Breeding Systems- Breeds of live-stock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability
and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and
precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits;Individual,
pedigree, family and within family selection; Progeny testing; Methods of
selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative
evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect
selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading,
cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial
production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for
threshold characters. Sire index.
6. Extension:
Basic
philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods
adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology,
its transfer and feedback. Problems and constraints in transfer of technology.
Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.
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