ZOOLOGY
PAPER – II
1. Cell Biology:
(a) Structure and
function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria,
Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosomes), cell division
(mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome
movements, chromosome type polytene and lambrush, organization of chromatin,
heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation.
(b) Nucleic acid
topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing,
translation, protein foldings and transport.
2. Genetics:
(a) Modern concept of
gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic code.
(b) Sex chromosomes and
their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and man.
(c) Mendel’s laws of
inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood
groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man.
(d) Mutations and
mutagenesis.
(e) Recombinant DNA
technology; plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors, transgenic, DNA
cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and methods).
(f) Gene regulation and
expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(g) Signal molecules,
cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences.
(h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLP
and application of RFLP in DNA finger printing, ribozyme technologies, human genome
project, genomics and protomics.
3. Evolution:
(a) Theories of origin
of life.
(b) Theories of
evolution; Natural selection, role of mutations in evolution, evolutionary
patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation and speciation.
(c) Evolution of horse,
elephant and man using fossil data.
(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law.
(e) Continental drift
and distribution of animals.
4. Systematics:
Zoological nomenclature,
international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy and biodiversity.
5. Biochemistry:
(a) Structure and role
of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids and cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids,
nucleic acids. Bioenergetics.
b) Glycolysis and Kreb
cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation, energy conservation
and release, ATP cycle, cyclic AMP – its structure and role.
(c) Hormone
classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions.
(d) Enzymes: types and
mechanisms of action.
(e) Vitamins and
co-enzymes
(f) Immunoglobulin and
immunity.
6. Physiology (with special
reference to mammals):
(a) Composition and
constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man, factors and mechanism
of coagulation, iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo-regulation,
anticoagulants.
(b) Haemoglobin:
Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
(c) Digestion and
absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands.
(d) Excretion: nephron
and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation and excretory product.
(e) Muscles: Types,
mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles.
(f) Neuron: nerve
impulse – its conduction and synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters.
(g) Vision, hearing and
olfaction in man.
(h) Physiology of
reproduction, puberty and menopause in human.
7. Developmental
Biology:
(a) Gametogenesis;
spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation of
mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization, morphogenesis and
morphogen, blastogenesis, establishment of body axes formation, fate map,
gestulation in frog and chick; genes in development in chick, homeotic genes, development
of eye and heart, placenta in mammals.
(b) Cell lineage,
cell-to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine
in control of metamorphosis in amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death,
aging.
(c) Developmental genes
in man, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, cloning.
(d) Stem cells: Sources,
types and their use in human welfare.
(e) Biogenetic law.
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