GEOGRAPHY
PAPER – II
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
1. Physical Setting: Space relationship of India
2. Resources: Land, surface and ground water,
energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources; Forest
and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.
3. Agriculture: Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds,
fertilizers, power; Institutional factors: land holdings, land tenure and land
reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity,
crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution
and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry
farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; aqua - culture; sericulture,
apiculture
and poultry; agricultural
regionalisation; agro-climatic zones; agro- ecological regions.
4. Industry: Evolution of industries; Locational
factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilizer, paper,
chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based industries;
Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings;
Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policies; Multinationals and
liberalization; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including eco-tourism.
5. Transport, Communication and
Trade: Road, railway,
waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in
regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign
trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in
communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and
society; Indian space programme.
6. Cultural Setting: Historical Perspective of Indian
Society; Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major
tribes, tribal areas and their problems; cultural regions; Growth, distribution
and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure,
literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration
(inter-regional, intra- regional and international) and associated problems;
Population problems and policies; Health indicators.
7. Settlements: Types, patterns and morphology of
rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional
classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban
sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization
and remedies.
8. Regional Development and
Planning: Experience of
regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development
programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area development;
Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought prone, hill,
tribal area development; multi-level planning; Regional planning and
development of island territories.
9. Political Aspects: Geographical basis of Indian
federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional
consciousness and inter state issues; international boundary of India and
related issues; Cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs;
Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
10. Contemporary Issues: Ecological
issues: Environmental
hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics;
Issues relating to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles
of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population
explosion and food
security; Environmental degradation;
Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial
unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable
growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers;
Globalisation and Indian economy.
NOTE: Candidates will be required to
answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.
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