ANTHROPOLOGY
PAPER
– II
1.1 Evolution
of the Indian Culture and Civilization — Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic,
Neolithic and Neolithic Chalcolithic). Protohistoric (Indus Civilization): Pre-
Harappan, Harappan and postHarappan cultures. Contributions of tribal cultures
to Indian civilization.
1.2 Palaeo
– anthropological evidences from India
with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada
basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).
1.3 Ethno-archaeology
in India : The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among the
hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and
crafts producing communities.
2. Demographic
profile of India
3.1 The
structure and nature of traditional Indian social system — Varnashram,
Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth.
3.2 Caste
system in India- structure
and characteristics, Varna
3.3 Sacred
Complex and Nature- Man-Spirit Complex.
3.4 Impact
of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society.
4. Emergence
and growth of anthropology in India-Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early
20th Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to
tribal and caste studies.
5.1 Indian Village : Significance of village study in India
5.2 Linguistic
and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status.
5.3 Indigenous
and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society:
Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great
traditions; Panchayati raj and social change; Media and social change.
6.1 Tribal
situation in India
6.2 Problems
of the tribal Communities — land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low
literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, underemployment, health
and nutrition.
6.3 Developmental
projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation.
Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanization and
industrialization on tribal populations.
7.1 Problems
of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other
Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled
Castes.
7.2 Social
change and contemporary tribal societies: Impact of modern democratic
institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker
sections.
7.3 The
concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among
tribal communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism;
Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.
8.1 Impact
of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal
societies.
8.2 Tribe
and nation state — a comparative study of tribal communities in India
9.1 History
of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal
development and their implementation.
The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special
programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development.
9.2 Role
of anthropology in tribal and rural development.
9.3 Contributions
of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism, and ethnic
and political movements.
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal
aberrations in man, methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural
aberrations (disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations –
Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic
disorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations – Down
syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human
disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA profiling, gene mapping
and genome study.
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of
morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters. Racial criteria,
racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of
racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man.
9.6 Age, sex and population variation as
genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes.
Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory
functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-economic
groups.
9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological
Anthropology. Bio-cultural Adaptations – Genetic and Non- genetic factors.
Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high
altitude climate.
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health
and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases. Nutritional deficiency
related diseases.
10. Concept of human growth and
development: stages of growth - pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence,
maturity, senescence.
- Factors affecting growth and
development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic.
- Ageing and senescence. Theories
and observations - biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and
somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies.
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and
other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials.
11.2 Demographic theories- biological,
social and cultural.
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological
factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.
12. Applications of Anthropology:
Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthropology in designing of
defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of
personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics – Paternity
diagnosis, genetic counseling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and
medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
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