Agricultural Engineering
Paper – I
Section A
1. Soil and Water Conservation : Scope of soil and water
conservation. Mechanics and types of erosion, their causes. Rainfall, runoff
and sedimentation relationships and their measurement. Soil erosion control
measures - biological and engineering including stream bank
protection-vegetative barriers, contour bunds, contour trenches, contour stone
walls, contour ditches, terraces, outlets and grassed waterways. Gully control
structures - temporary and permanent - design of permanent soil conservation structures
such as chute, drop and drop inlet spillways. Design of farm ponds and percolation
ponds. Principles of flood control-flood routing. Watershed Management - investigation,
planning and implementation - selection of priority areas and water shed work
plan, water harvesting and moisture conservation. Land development - leveling, estimation
of earth volumes and costing. Wind Erosion process - design for shelter belts
and wind brakes and their management. Forest (Conservation) Act, 2. Aerial
Photography and Remote Sensing : Basic characteristics of
photographicimages, interpretation keys, equipment for interpretation, imagery
interpretation for land use, geology, soil and forestry.
Remote sensing - merits and demerits of conventional and remote
sensing approaches. Types of satellite images, fundamentals of satellite image
interpretation, techniques of visual and digital interpretations for soil,
water and land use management. Use of GIS in planning and development of
watersheds, forests including forest cover, water resources etc.
Section B
3. Irrigation and Drainage : Sources of water for
irrigation. Planning and design of minor irrigation projects. Techniques of
measuring soil moisture - laboratory and in situ, Soil-water plant
relationships. Water requirement of crops. Planning conjunctive use of surface
and ground water. Measurement of irrigation water, measuring devices - orifices,
weirs and flumes. Methods of irrigation - surface, sprinkler and drip, fertigation.
Irrigation efficiencies and their estimation. Design and construction of canals,
field channels, underground pipelines, head-gates, diversion boxes and structures
for road crossing. Occurrence of ground water, hydraulics of wells, types of
wells (tube wells and open wells) and their construction. Well development and
testing. Pumps-types, selection and installation. Rehabilitation of sick and
failed wells. Drainage causes of water logging and salt problem. Methods of
drainage— drainage of irrigated and unirrigated lands, design of surface,
sub-surface and vertical drainage systems. Improvement and utilization of poor
quality water. Reclamation of saline and alkali soils. Economics of irrigation
and drainage systems. Use of waste water for irrigation — standards of waste
water for sustained irrigation, feasibility and economics.
4. Agricultural Structures : Site selection, design and
construction of farmstead - farm house, cattle shed, dairy bam, poultry shed,
hog housing, machinery and implement shed, storage structures for food grains,
feed and forage. Design and construction of fences and farm roads. Structures
for plant environment - green houses, poly houses and shade houses. Common
building materials used in construction - timber, brick, stone, tiles, concrete
etc and their properties. Water supply, drainage and sanitation system.
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