GEOLOGY
PAPER I
Section-A
(i) General Geology
The Solar System, meteorities, origin and interior of the earth.
Radioactivity and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, volcanic belts.
Earthquakes-causes, effects, earthquake belts, seismicity of India, intensity
and magnitude, seismongraphs. Island arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean
ridges. Continental drift-evidences and mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics.
Isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny. Continents and oceans.
(ii) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing
Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and mass wasting.
Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation.
Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology. Applications of
geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering,. hydrology and
environmental studies. Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.
Aerial photographs and their interpretation-mertis and limitations.
TheElectronmagnetic Spectrum. Orbiting satellites and sensor systems. Indian
Remote Sensing Sataellites. Satellites data products. Applications of remote
sensing in geology. The Geographic Information System and its applications.
Global Positioning System.
(iii) Structural geology
Priniples of geologic mapping and map reading, projection
diagrams, stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of
elastic, plastic and viscous materials. Strain markers in deformed rocks.
Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults
classification and mechanics. Structural analysis of folds, foliations,
lineations, joints and faults, unconformities. Superposed deformation. Timerelationship
between crystallization and deformation. Introduction to petrofabrics.
Section-B
(iv) Paleontology
Species- definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and
Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils. Different kinds of
microfossils. Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration,
paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies. Morphology, geological history and
evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and
Anthozoa. Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, Trilobita and Graptoloidea.
Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna.
Gondwana flora and its importance.
(v) Stratigraphy and Geology of India
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic,
biostratigraphic, hronostratigraphicand
magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. Distribution and
classification of Precambrian rocks of India. Study of
stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with
reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems- Cambrian/Precambrian,
Permian/Triassic,Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene. Study of
climatic conditions,paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian
subcontinent in the eological past. Tectonic
framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.
(vi) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology : Hydrologic
cycle and genetic classification of water. Movement of subsruface water.
Springs. Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and
storage coefficient, classification of aquifers. Water-bearing characteristics
of rocks. Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage
basin morphometry. Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge. Problems
and management of groundwater. Rainwater harvesting. Engineering properties of
rocks. Geological investigations for dams, tunnels and bridges. Rock as
construction material. Alkali-aggregate reaction. Landslides-causes, prevention
and rehabilitation. Earthquake-resistant structures.
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