Agriculture
Paper-I
Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their
sustainable management and conservation. Physical and social environment as
factors of crop distribution and production. Climatic elements as factors of
crop growth, impact of changing environment on cropping pattern as indicators
of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops,
animals, and humans.
Cropping pattern in different agro-climatic zones of the country.
Impact of highyielding and short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping
pattern. Concepts of multiple cropping, multistorey, relay and inter-cropping,
and their importance in relation to food production. Package of practices for
production of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar,commercial
and fodder crops grown during Kharif and Rabi seasons in different regions of
the country.
Important features, scope and propagation of various types of
forestry plantations such as extension, social forestry, agro-forestry, and
natural forests. Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association
with various crops; their multiplication; cultural, biological and chemical
control of weeds. Soil-physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes
and factors of soil formation. Modern classification of Indian soils, Mineral
and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil
productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils
and plants. Principles of soil fertility and its evaluation forjudicious
fertilizer use, integrated nutrient management. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use
efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Fixation of phosphorus
and potassium in soils and the scope for their efficient use. Problem soils and
their reclamation methods. Soil conservation planning on watershed basis.
Erosion and run-off management in hilly, foot hills, and valley lands;
processes and factors affecting them. Dry land agriculture and its problems.
Technology of stabilising agriculture production in rain fed agriculture area. Water-use
efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations,
ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Drip and
sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, quality of irrigation
water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution.
Farm management, scope, important and characteristics, farm
planning. Optimum resources use and budgeting. Economics of different types of
farming systems. Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs,
price fluctuations and their cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural
economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them.
Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of
evaluation of extension programmes, socio-economic survey and status of big,
small, and marginal farmers and
production and rural employment. Training programmes for extension
workers; lab-toland programmes.
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